A survey is the most comprehensive technical inspection that can be performed on a vessel. For buyers, it represents the difference between a safe investment and a floating problem. For sellers, it adds transparency and value to the transaction.
What exactly is a survey?
A survey is an expert report prepared by a specialized technician who examines all vessel systems: hull, deck, engine, electrical installations, navigation equipment, rigging (on sailboats), and safety equipment.
Unlike the Spanish ITB, which verifies minimum regulatory requirements, the survey analyzes the actual condition of the vessel, identifies hidden defects, and estimates repair costs.
When do you need a survey?
- Purchase of a used vessel: Reveals hidden problems such as osmosis, structural damage, or engine issues.
- Comprehensive insurance coverage: Insurers often require it to know the actual condition of the boat.
- Selling your vessel: Builds trust and justifies the price.
What does the report include?
A complete professional survey examines:
- Hull and underwater hull: Gelcoat, osmosis, structure, keel, and rudder.
- Deck and superstructure: Joints, windows, hatches, and cockpit.
- Engine: Operation, consumption, vibrations, propeller, and shaft.
- Electrical system: Batteries, wiring, and electrical panel.
- Systems: Plumbing, gas, and tanks.
- Rigging (sailboats): Shrouds, stays, winches.
Final report structure
The document will include a technical description, critical defects, minor defects, improvement recommendations, market valuation, and photographic documentation.
How is it conducted?
A typical inspection takes between half a day and a full day. It includes:
- Out-of-water inspection (underwater hull).
- Afloat inspection (watertight integrity).
- Sea trial (engine and steering).
Frequently asked questions
Does the survey replace the ITB? No. The ITB is a Spanish administrative procedure. The survey is a private, comprehensive technical report.
Can it be used to negotiate the price? Absolutely. Documented defects are objective arguments for adjusting the purchase price.